How a Satellite WorksĪ satellite is a body that moves around another body in a particular path. So, it overcomes the limitation of communication between two earth stations due to earth’s curvature. Since the satellites locate at certain height above earth, the communication takes place between any two earth stations easily via satellite. In this method, satellites provide communication for long distances, which is well beyond the line of sight. Satellite communication overcomes this limitation. The maximum hop or the station distance is limited to 1500KM only in both ground wave propagation and sky wave propagation. Sky wave propagation − The suitable bandwidth for this type of communication is broadly between 30–40 MHz and it makes use of the ionosphere properties of the earth. This method of communication makes use of the troposphere conditions of the earth.
Ground wave propagation − Ground wave propagation is suitable for frequencies up to 30MHz. The following two kinds of propagation are used earlier for communication up to some distance. Nearly after 18 years, India also launched the artificial satellite named, Aryabhata in 1975. Soviet Union had launched the world's first artificial satellite named, Sputnik 1 in 1957. These signals carry the information such as voice, audio, video or any other data between ground and space and vice-versa. In this communication, electromagnetic waves are used as carrier signals. If the communication takes place between any two earth stations through a satellite, then it is called as satellite communication. In other words, it is nothing but sending, receiving and processing of information. We know that Communication refers to the exchange (sharing) of information between two or more entities, through any medium or channel. For example, moon is a natural satellite of earth. In general terms, a satellite is a smaller object that revolves around a larger object in space.
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